According to the OECD’s findings, a gap persists between formal regulation and its practical implementation in the jurisdictions reviewed. In OECD member countries, the implementation of anti-corruption and integrity frameworks is assessed at 63%, while their effective application stands at only 44% (a gap of 19 percentage points). In partner countries, the gap is even wider at 26 percentage points. At the same time, only around one quarter of countries monitor the implementation of their anti-corruption strategies.

The report emphasises the need to move beyond formal compliance towards a more comprehensive, risk-based and results-oriented approach (integrity governance), whereby resources are directed to the most vulnerable areas, including public procurement, fraud prevention and the fight against organised crime.

It is also noted that anti-corruption strategies often cover both the public and private sectors, but insufficiently address high-risk areas such as state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and public-private partnerships (PPPs).

Particular attention is given to the use of data and digital tools. Despite the growing application of analytics and artificial intelligence for risk detection, only 44% of OECD member countries use digital systems for the submission and verification of asset and interest declarations.

Priority areas for further development include strengthening the risk-based approach, expanding digital monitoring tools, improving data quality, and reinforcing integrity mechanisms within the justice system.