The newly formed court is one of the structural subdivisions of the Court of Criminal Matters, headed by the President and 3 Vice-Presidents and may include up to 45 ordinary judges (currently there are 20 specialists in the panel of the court), with high requirements for their work experience: at least 10 years - for members of the panel and 20 years - for judges holding managerial positions.

The court is competent to hear cases of money laundering and false declaration of assets, in which the court may decide to confiscate property, as well as cases of collusion, bribery and official negligence involving officials, regardless of their role. A special feature of the court is the possibility of its active involvement in the process of investigating the circumstances of the case, as well as the existence of an appeal instance.

Both individuals and State bodies could be plaintiffs, and hearings in cases registered in remote regions of the country could be held by videoconference.

Like other countries that already have specialized anti-corruption courts, Thailand's establishment of a special anti-corruption court is intended to expedite the processing of official corruption cases, including by ensuring that a defendant's disagreement with the charges will not require the reopening of the investigation, the case will not be dismissed if the defendant has absconded, and the case can be decided in the defendant's absence.

The Supreme Court's Criminal Division for Persons Holding Political Positions previously handled cases involving corruption violations by top Thai officials. According to the country's government, the creation of the new court will allow the fight against unscrupulous behavior to be extended to lower levels of government and the private sector.